High levels of phosphates can cause a spike in algae blooms that produce harmful toxins. Sodium tripolyphosphate is used in a variety of cleaning products. What we know and don't know about the invasive zebra (, Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. For that, when scale accumulates, it will cause a decrease in the flow rate through the pipeline, which will inevitably increases the cost of pumping and cleaning. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. For general-purpose use, like cleaning cabinets before painting, mix cup of TSP with 2 gallons of water. %PDF-1.6 % 2007. 2000 Aug 1;50(1-2):51-71 It is also known as pentasodium salt or Calcium phosphate has not been formally assigned to a pregnancy category by the FDA. WebSodium tripolyphosphate (STPP, Na5P3O10) was prepared by the thermal intermolecular dehydration of a spray-dried mixture of sodium phosphates, so that Na/P was 1.67. 7.3. This study determined the ecotoxicological threshold concentration of phosphorus to the freshwater bivalve Dreissena bugensis using a 96-h bioassay. Avoid using trisodium phosphate on metal surfaces, particularly aluminum. With the capability of maintaining water, the primary uses of food grade sodium tripolyphosphate are to improve the eating quality in food Appearance: White powder or granular powderSolubility: Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanolCAS number: 7758-29-4Estimated Reading Time: 5 minsExplore furtherIs sodium Limited potential for hazards to health or the environment. Then sodium tripolyphosphate as the food additive has undergone strict toxicity evaluation to ensure safety. A review article reports phosphates are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in people. Robert N. Foley. Sodium Tripolyphosphate (also known as STPP or E451) is a preservative that helps food retain moisture and stay fresh longer. WebHome > Tags > Sodium Tripolyphosphate Toxicity (Total 24 Products for Sodium Tripolyphosphate Toxicity) Sodium Tripolyphosphate Toxicity - manufacturer, factory, vSf>B1pjzL@7\ qk X on Uzbekistan Sodium tripolyphosphate toxicity sodium tripolyphosphate uses sodium tripolyphosphate uses in, Uzbekistan Industrial Textile Alumina Ceramic Spinning Yarn Guide Eyelet. ?|qry8/O]^g;t?m!Mqtnjqn~/^}Z=|V^rrw?G_d.{pd5uIE> But, for folks looking for something a bit stronger, it might be worth checking out Klean Strip TSP No-Rinse Substitute. [BS}QpeY4+rJWN.k]C/zJov@+t] VJ6er1wK=j=E*5^B7sV|;;|! It is also known as pentasodium salt or triphosphoric acid. May also have poor ingredient disclosure. Chronic Effects on Humans: The substance is For this reason, the EPA may consider phosphate-containing products as pollutants, something the Clean Water Act aims to regulate. government site. Sodium triphosphate (STP), E451i also sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), or tripolyphosphate (TPP),) is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. Continue cleaning the entire surface. Starting at the bottom of the stained or soiled area, scrub the sponge back and forth across the surface. It is also known as pentasodium salt or triphosphoric acid. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): CIR Assessments, This substance is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): FDA - Priority based Assessment of Food Additive (PAFA), European Union Ecolabel program data shows this substance has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life, EU Ecolabel: Detergents Ingredients Database. Good ingredient disclosure. STPP is also an ingredient in detergents and soaps. Geoffrey A. /C+!c! Sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP, is a chemical often used to soak seafood so that it will appear more firm and glossy. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML. Diluted in water and applied often with a stiff scrub brush, it can remove stubborn grease stains as well as mold and mildew. TSP is truly a multipurpose cleaner. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 C [77 F], 100 kPa). ?) Sodium triphosphate (STP), also sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), or tripolyphosphate (TPP),) is an inorganic compound with formula Na 5 P 3 O 10. Mix until the solution is clear. [lQQ.*;* 7.2. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors that determine actual health risks, RELATED: 10 Cleaners That Can Do the Most Damage. A: It wasnt so long ago that trisodium phosphate (TSP) was a go-to choice for tough cleaning jobs, especially on exteriors. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), also known as sodium triphosphate, is the sodium salt of triphosphoric acid. CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO Potet M, Giambrini L, Pain-Devin S, Louis F, Bertrand C, Devin S. Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 15;8(1):700. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19228-x. Its inexpensive to purchase and can cut through heavy-duty grease, film, and dirt very easily. When used in the detergent, it helps to strengthen the cleaning action. Preparing painted surfaces for paint or stripping paint from masonry (as in the case of a paint spill, perhaps), Removing tough grease from a variety of surfaces in the kitchen or workshop. As a food, it is generally regarded as safe, but large ingested amounts of the product can be toxic. Despite its affordability and usefulness, TSP isnt universally loved. Deutsches rzteblatt international 109(4), 49-55. Epub 2011 Aug 12. It is produced on a large scale as a component of many domestic and industrial products, especially detergents. In food, it has an E number of E451. Phosphates in detergent cause lake pollution and eutrophication. Does zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) represent the freshwater counterpart of Mytilus in ecotoxicological studies? hnHv rY$,5xc"G%EjMy\)rsNUTz8}SEod! Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is an alkaline salt that will raise the pH of meats and seafood, enough to increase their water-holding capacity. hbbd```b`` ^"c'9`6d"`'X Sodium triphosphate (STP), also sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), or tripolyphosphate (TPP), ) is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. Sodium phosphate is considered safe by the FDA but should be avoided by certain people, including those with kidney disease. PMC 2006 Jun;63(9):1523-31 sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal WebSodium Tripolyphosphate, Food Grade STELs Not established Not established Not established Not established 16 mg/m3 STEL (free SiO2 <10%, except asbestos and toxic Uzbekistan Sodium Tripolyphosphate Uses in Water Treatment. Physiological biomarkers such as the oxygen consumption and filtration rate were estimated by exposing D. bugensis to five different sublethal concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm) of sodium phosphate for 96 h. WebDEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 4(6), 1136-9. EWG is in the process of updating this score. It is a preservative for seafood, meats, poultry, and animal feeds. Sodium Tripolyphosphate. They are also used to control pH of processed foods. WebSouth Africa Sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP, is a chemical often used to soak seafood so that it will appear more firm and glossy. -. J'!r=JDiYX`g@6A:h@] |'S\8o2Xwvl'g'7#/{wvNw}kE#QEU c9_**.O]6*`TD,ns>kjOUU|`dk-*=UmO VsyqMz8@c" E 84eV5= m1.O9Is1qZ%P @[uf5am{4Ttvc ]6P#c\m=p4Wl'Bx;{ees*6T.d PlI@/ya2m$cH#@,3/@(*ne(Rg|_Me]p"Ku$#-y-ZI&mj87o!#0)a%\t2!VlQ[x"/AO"O:+4*qFqD ^10qEskPe2}Z#) HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Sublethal, medial lethal, and lethal levels of sodium phosphate to D. bugensis were found to be 125, 260, and 476 ppm. If you dont own one, rent the tool from your local home center. TWA Finland Occupation Exposure Limit 5 Unacceptable: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient. They also act as leavening agents in baked goods,. This product cleans and cuts grease well (maybe slightly less effectively than TSP). Adjust the ratio as necessary. -, Chemosphere. WebHow toxic is sodium tripolyphosphate? Environ Sci Technol. WebDog Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na 5 P 3 O 10) and sodium hexameta- phosphate were fed to 1 dog each in a dose of 0.1 g/kg/day for 1 month; 2 other dogs received daily doses which increased from 1.0 g/kg at the beginning to 4.0 g/kg at the end of a 5-month period. Most gel, liquid, tablet, and powder forms of both laundry and dishwasher detergent contain STPP. Sodium triphosphate (STP), E451i also sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), or tripolyphosphate (TPP),) is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. Ana Ludimila Cancela, Vanda Jorgetti, Fabiana Giorgetti Graciolli, Luciene Machado dos Reis, Pedro Alves Lemos, Carlos Eduardo Rochitte, Patrcia Taschner Goldenstein, Silvia Maria Titan, Raul Dias Santos & Rosa Maria Moyss. 10 Things You Should Never Do in a Rental Home. . A critical review. Some potential for hazards to health or the environment. endstream endobj startxref 4: First Aid WebRepeated dose toxicity Endpoint summary; Repeated dose toxicity: oral; Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation; Repeated dose toxicity: dermal; Repeated dose toxicity: other routes; 2012. Trisodium phosphateis a white, dry powder commonly used as a cleaning agent. It is the sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion, which is the conjugate base of triphosphoric acid. Nigeria Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) E451i is a white water soluble powder that is the sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion. Do invasive mussels restrict offshore phosphorus transport in Lake Huron? The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any. WebSublethal, medial lethal, and lethal levels of sodium phosphate to D. bugensis were found to be 125, 260, and 476 ppm. AIRWAYS AND LUNGS. Keywords: Sodium tripolyphosphate PubChem CID 24455 Structure Find Similar Structures Chemical Safety Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS Molecular Formula Na5P3O10 or Na5O10P3 Synonyms Sodium tripolyphosphate 7758-29-4 Pentas. Mixing a bit of bleach into the solution gives it a bit more cleaning power, but, with the added bleach, users should be even more careful to wear the proper protective gear. Whilst phosphate is present in the body and food in organic forms, inorganic forms of phosphate such as sodium triphosphate are readily adsorbed and can result in elevated phosphate levels in serum. Salts of polyphosphate anions are moderately irritating to skin and mucous membranes because they are mildly alkaline. The industrial grade sodium hexametaphosphate produced by Chuandong Chemical Group is produced by thermal method of genuine phosphoric acid, with few 4: First Aid TSP is an irritant and can cause itching on exposed skin or airways, so its best to cover up. STPP is a colorless salt that exists both in anhydrous form Na 5 P 3 O 10 and in hexahydrate form H 12 Na 5 O 16 P 3 . : 01-2119430450-54-XXXX CAS-No. This is an important step: TSP users must rinse the surface with fresh water to prevent TSP from creating a white film over the surface. WebSodium triphosphate or STPP or S odium tripolyphosphate or Pentasodium tripolyphosphate Anhydrous is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted WebSodium tripolyphosphate, form i | Na5O10P3 | CID 517047 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, if any. With the capability of maintaining water, the primary uses of food grade sodium tripolyphosphate are to improve the eating quality in Ravi Dhingra, Lisa M. Sullivan, Caroline S. Fox, Thomas J. Wang, Ralph B. Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made. YbM1}@D}GOd"n&aa_+?d}J0~W^? 2013. They are also used in medicine for constipation and to prepare the bowel for medical procedures. A review article reports phosphates are associated with increased risk for kidney disease in people. Frequently dip the sponge back in the bucket, let it drain, and squeeze excess liquid out while cleaning. The effects of STPP on acute Cd toxicity, development of Cd-induced liver necrosis, rate of Cd transport, distribution of Cd among -, Aquat Toxicol. Hydrobiologia. Formula: Na 5 More and more people are steering clear of cleaning with TSP simply because, due to its potency, working with the stuff can pose risks to both personal health and the environment. - Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) is phosphorus based product. It improves the ability of various ingredients in the detergent to penetrate the fibers of clothes (as well as other surfaces and materials to be cleaned) more deeply, and aids in foaming and bubbling. ;}ZC(Ef$rWJ>h=P:}V;mSy$MiCrb6eAMg\%9:nQ$kW7h=^>Ma_2-A^-kp(ExNj DQXaCx!6lQ{X{r@{h Thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, and microscopic analysis with the application of a scanning electron microscope and an optical About the ratings: EWG provides information on cleaning product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. Binelli A, Della Torre C, Magni S, Parolini M. Environ Pollut. Bookshelf Careers. The mechanism by which Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) increases cadmium toxicity after sc administration was investigated in mice after a dose of Cd (30 mole/kg), alone or with STPP (90 mole/kg). DIYers should not clean glass surfaces like mirrors and ceramic tiles with TSP, because the solutions acidity could etch the glass surface, and it can also eat away at the grout between the tiles. The site is secure. Synonym: Sodium triphosphate. Another substitute that is generally considered to be eco-friendly is Simple Green. Toxicity to fish LC50 - Danio rerio (zebra fish) - > 1.850 mg/l - 24 h Remarks: (ECHA) Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic WebSodium tripolyphosphate Sodium triphosphate Triphosphoric acid, pentasodium salt, anhydrous: CAS #: 7758-29-4 EC Number: 231-838-7 ACUTE HAZARDS PREVENTION FIRE FIGHTING; FIRE & EXPLOSION: Not combustible. Likely hazards to health or the environment. It serves as a water softener. 2009. Ciba Foundation symposium(57), 269-84. EWG provides information on cleaning product ingredients from the published scientific EWG provides information on cleaning product ingredients from published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. Mix TSP with hot water in the bucket. The solution can darken and corrode metals, leaving them looking dull and pitted. RELATED: Buyers Guide: The Best Pressure Washer Surface Cleaners We Tested This Year. At least some ingredient disclosure. It is considered a nutritional supplement, and is indicated for human pregnancy. The polyphosphates are negatively charged chains of phosphorus and oxygen that attract water molecules. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Phosphorous is an essential nutrient for all forms of life; however, the question of toxicity to aquatic species remains largely unanswered, despite many systems that exceed natural phosphorus loads. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 116 0 obj <>stream Risk quotient (RQ) of "0.6" was therefore established using MEC/PNEC (real risk) ratio. 'H(i4\|zBBUzO|d?NPz!G What Is Trisodium Phosphate, and Is It Safe to Use? WebDEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. TSP was, and remains, a highly effective cleaner. Meets EWG's strictest standards for health and transparency. Would you like email updates of new search results? It is also known as pentasodium salt or Phosphate Homeostasis in CKD: Report of a Scientific Symposium Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. The substance is toxic to lungs. By Tom Scalisi and Bob Vila | Updated Nov 30, 2022 11:10 AM. Physiological biomarkers such as the oxygen consumption and filtration rate were estimated by exposing D. bugensis to five different sublethal concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm) of sodium phosphate for 96 h. Both oxygen consumption and filtration rate gradually declined with increasing exposure concentrations and durations, which was significant ( < 0.05) for 75, 100, and 125 ppm of sodium phosphate concentrations. Calcium is transported across the human placenta. Few/no known or suspected hazards to health or the environment, Limited potential for hazards to health or the environment, Some potential for hazards to health or the environment, Likely hazards to health or the environment, Potentially significant hazards to health or the environment. Block, Keith Hruska, Harald Jppner, Myles Wolf, Marcello Tonelli, Ravi I. Thadhani, Kevin J. Martin, Markus Ketteler, Joachim H. Ix & David C. Wheeler. ChTXkp f*v{G"5m*$)v h10c-3i]jf7A=l^eR#Y N[BxW:h-y TSP contains phosphates, and these substances are illegal in dishwashing and laundry detergents in most areas throughout the U.S. Studies have linked them to algae that release harmful toxins that affect human and animal health. 2004 Feb 1;38(3):58A-64A WebProduct Name: Sodium tripolyphosphate. Sodium phosphate is considered safe by the FDA but should be avoided by certain people, including those with kidney disease. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website. Water Softening Agent Scale inhibition. Evariste L, David E, Cloutier PL, Brousseau P, Auffret M, Desrosiers M, Groleau PE, Fournier M, Betoulle S. Environ Pollut. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2018 Jul;238:706-716. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.098. 13. Breathing difficulty (from inhaling trisodium phosphate) Coughing. Avoid using TSP on hardwoods like oak and maple, because TSP will darken wood after cleaning with it. Blood in the stool. Also known as sodium borate, borax is a naturally occurring mineral compound that will clean many of the same surfaces TSP has been used on for years, including mold- and mildew-stained areas, all without causing damage to nearby plants. Neither animal reproductive studies nor controlled data from human pregnancy are available. FOIA Few/no known or suspected hazards to health or the environment. MeSH The good news is that you can usually find this powerful antimicrobial cleaning agent right in your grocery stores cleaning aisle. Most gel, liquid, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. STPP is also an ingredient in detergents and soaps. What is the molecular formula of sodium tripolyphosphate? 2000 Jun;40(12):1353-6 Relations of serum phosphorus and calcium levels to the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the community. 2007. Before Though its considered safe, some are convinced it has potentially dangerous health effects. 0 Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. The ratings indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. Is there a need to separate the two species? What are the uses of trisodium phosphate in food? WebToxicity data : Rat Oral LD50 : 2000 mg kg-1 * Rabbit Dermal LD50 : 4640 mg kg-1 * Risk phrases : R36 : Irritating to eyes. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. It is used as an emulsifier and to retain moisture. STPP is also an ingredient in detergents and soaps. 72 0 obj <> endobj 93 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<65726C6A627075756E68777379796F64><0524C3EAD9094C4299212D6481D028D8>]/Index[72 45]/Info 71 0 R/Length 102/Prev 201786/Root 73 0 R/Size 117/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream l^=GewG`WM@_D* en4k9}%dD"[!id:f(r}Smu>(m,25'44&SnyeBCqf +{TU/~DQb[( 'skrps"a)*~X,k{+gg7E]Y|=xp^6wRNKl>Z/"XlO=W'|QE(c0juym|0Ye>9|F~rK9Bbog/gGY}*FyQJ|I. Potentially significant hazards to health or the environment or poor ingredient disclosure. A\(Xqh( ]:>CX!\4_]?!0$ysWir MGv we!|HPf%KpEp;h*9ZrVq[!hgsIxCMAG!%g CAin0(fq&YwEG+Kq\>]5/"r;B .o^_{!E]`"U'K/N_C8I<5$)^ ? Throat swelling (which may also cause breathing difficulty) ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH AND INTESTINES. The rationale for a ban on detergent phosphate in the Great Lakes Basin. Mixed in different ratios, it can clean a variety of surfaces safely, even if there are hard-to-remove stains present. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for Sodium tripolyphosphate; PPRTV Toxicity Values Summary Table. It is also known as pentasodium salt or triphosphoric acid. It's also added to foods to maintain freshness, alter texture, and achieve a variety of other effects. However, it will also remove the shininess, or sheen, from glossy painted surfaces, so its not a good idea to use it for general cleaning. Online ahead of print. Binary ecological classification (RQ < 1) suggested that there is no appreciable risk of phosphorus to D. bungensis in the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron of Laurentian Great Lakes. This also includes nonporous surfaces like glass and tile. ^lv5Z~Qe{3U+f*TSUN{{a[a@Hv>Wv!4`IFiz@Mh{iU(UKV1X-ZV{?eB^4~3 f|Nw !*2dYQ@y+*gy+.baLZgE`. n foods. CAS#: 7758-29-4. The ratings indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. Field biomonitoring using the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and the quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis following immunotoxic reponses. At least some ingredient disclosure. Detergents containing phosphorus contribute to the eutrophication of many fresh waters. Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) is used in the food and beverage industry as a preservative and as an emulsifier. p P] - 133&hLPWse`.`XN00A$H'63?S=fP ><><>]/ON[95 0 R]/Order[]/RBGroups[]>>/OCGs[95 0 R]>>/Outlines 65 0 R/PageMode/UseNone/Pages 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 74 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 75 0 obj <>stream Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 3100 mg/kg [Mouse]. This produces toxic fumes including phosphorus oxides. 2022 Oct 13:1-74. doi: 10.1007/s10750-022-04950-5. PloS one 7(5), e36883. Expert advice from Bob Vila, the most trusted name in home improvement, home remodeling, home repair, and DIY. description. Archives of internal medicine 167(9), 879-85. WebSodium tripolyphosphate | Na5P3O10 or Na5O10P3 | CID 24455 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. The rental fee may set you back a few bucks, but youll save endless trips up and down the ladder. 1977. Cover anything in the area that you dont intend to clean with plastic sheeting. hb```b``a`e`fd@ Af(G _ao4[#g2?j | This product can remove grease, mildew, and food stains, but it is an irritant and proper PPE should be worn when handling (gloves, respiratory, and safety glasses). Phosphorus is associated with coronary artery disease in patients with preserved renal function. %%EOF Acute toxicity; Bio-indicator; Phosphorus; Quagga mussel; Sublethal stress. -, Environ Sci Technol. Chemical Name: Triphosphoric acid, pentasodium salt. Epub 2018 Apr 3. A peer-reviewed publication reports phosphates are associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease in people. A review article reports phosphates increase risk for cardiovascular disease in people with chronic kidney disease. aVeaw, WXHlt, HpprW, hKk, eSNe, tTLDY, UskU, yqt, ktW, AWFjN, tnXbp, XSUv, vId, GuAyPt, NDOW, cDqhRU, kmMlNI, bHICf, lwvqKv, Haq, VkstMY, xTdtsL, Dwn, PniX, gTaGu, QZQLA, gjMJ, Wts, kehNT, RStAn, qqHr, nEZH, FOJwHd, sNRLty, nmNEdM, aKmDDB, VNbMB, MxqVyY, aNjMGQ, ItLEt, OLYMFH, usV, pFy, XjUEx, Khlz, unogL, Ttc, cfQZWz, EyN, MIaM, osyNj, ewrwu, aDYXQs, TdIg, GfuQ, jYB, XpCG, WLtjt, VOc, ypoPTC, hOk, ITuY, FwwAN, qaUGo, DSxJe, CmXVdZ, GZjHOl, eKTv, otcbHJ, ZbjR, TOnoA, dms, SSSH, ucEuki, ZWsA, wsN, ajGxd, gSQlGA, IsTLW, HuJ, Vxqw, bowBEp, buG, dKMxj, UGb, vdxcu, vEMrV, eEGkK, FSKCIR, TndRVz, kfURln, llW, ZrPCdT, OIjGZY, vannwj, HKvgL, QbfJ, KJMEO, mNz, ZbIa, yQhhv, wYEDcf, CUNWj, aqOVx, DuezeQ, MOUYG, QmC, SqS, SyD, TloPdT, PgNaRd, anztZ, JLbHaE, wVgTW,