Study suggests cocoa has more beneficial effects for combating diseases like cancer and cardiovascular diseases and for boosting the immune system. G.K. The oval seeds are about 2.5 cm (1 inch) long and are covered with a sweet sticky white pulp. Cacao Flavonoids on Immune Activation of Lymphoid Cell Line: Study evaluated the effect of ()-epicatechin and cocoa extract on activation of lymphoid cell line. Compound Inside Cocoa Beans Causes Parkinson's - GMO Cocoa Trees To Increase Its Concentration / NATASHA LONGO / April 12, 2013 / WHN Forum for Anti-Aging & Regenerative Disease Moderate Interactions: (1) Adenosine: The caffeine in cocoa might block the effects of adenosine (Adenocard), a drug often used in cardiac stress testing. Cacao, a tree whose scientific name is Theobroma Cacao, was named in 1753 by botanist Carl Linnaeus. This information does not endorse this product as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. Agrotro^acute~pica, 9(1):23-28; 27 ref. Sodr, G. Gosmann, M. Brendel and C. Pungartnik / Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (3): 7725-7735 (2014) (5, 47), Habitual intake of any chocolate-containing food was studied for its effect on cardiovascular risk in a prospective manner using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort (N = 20,951). Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity / Antioxidant / Pod Husk: Study sought to formulate phytosome containing cocoa pod extract, develop phytosome complex into face serum preparation, and determine antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the extract and formulated serum. Questionnaires filled out by study subjects have shown that there is a weakness for chocolate in individuals who are under emotional stress, bored, upset, or feeling down. The botanical name or scientific name of cocoa tree is "Theobroma cacao. Search. gods," derived from the Greek words theo (god) and broma (drink). This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. The Protective Effect of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Colon Cancer / Yazan Yazan Ranneh*, Faisal Ali and Norhaizan Mohd Esa / J Nutr Food Sci 3:193. doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000193 In-vitro studies were done on caco-2 cell line, considered as human epithelial colonic adenocarcinoma cells. A nonlinear dose response was observed with low to moderate chocolate consumption, but not high dose, associated with a reduced risk of heart failure (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.91). Its scientific name comes from the Greek "Theos" which means "God" and "broma" which means "food." This name was coined thus by the botanist Lineo in reference to the importance that this plant had for the native Americans. (Cocoa) on Helicobacter pylori in an in vitro study / Temitope O Lawal, Bolanle A Adeniyi et al / Journal of Herbal Medicine, Dec 2014; 4(4): pp 201-207 / DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2014.09.004 Extract also showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 199.98 ppm. (61) "(12, 31), A study in which a depressive mood was induced demonstrated a correlation with an increase in chocolate craving. Fruit in the 20 to 60 seeds (cocoa beans) that actually performs the 5 columns. Chocolate contains a high amount of saturated fats; however, the two major fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acids, appear to have fewer implications for progression of coronary artery disease than other saturated fats. Many different insects cause vegetative and crop damage to cocoa, especially mealybugs, true bugs (heteropterans), thrips, and scale insects. Higher concentrations of PEA are found in some cocoa beans and high quality cocoa powder. Peel extract was extracted with ethanol 96% solvent and fractionated with water. You should talk with your health care provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this product. - Each seed contains a significant amount of fat (40-50% as cocoa butter) and polyphenols, which make up about 10% of the whole bean's dry weight. Sandoricum harmandianum Pierre : Katul (Sbl.) The study can be a solid starting point for future in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate the molecules and/or test similar substances as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 protease. Consumption of foods rich in flavanols are also associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes(5, 40) suggesting that this specific group of flavonoids may have potent cardioprotective qualities. Folkloric Family Typical leaves are heart-shaped. Cacao , scientific name:Theobroma , is an evergreen small rees and fruit of the of the Theobroma ,the Malvaceae department native to tropical America. Various dilutions were tested in rabbits. (7) MAO Inhibitors: Consumption of cocoa with MAO inhibitors (medications used for depression) might cause increased stimulation, increased heart rate, high blood pressure, nervousness, etc. Availability Aqueous extract of leaves showed antiplasmodial activity. - In Nigeria, leaves used for wound healing, as worm expeller, and treatment of malaria. Properties of Cocoa tree, leaves, fruit and beans. Pl. (Madre de cacao) leaves was determined by this study. / A Modern Herbal by Mrs. M Grieve / Botanical.com The scientific name for this plant means 'food of the gods' and for good reason - it's the source of chocolate! Forastero yielded high amounts of 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol, anethole, and 2,4-pentanediol. Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used In the Treatment of Skin Diseases in Abeokuta South Local Government of Ogun State Nigeria / Adeogun, I.I., O.O. The Olmecs, an ancient civilization from what is now Mexico, were the first to use Cacao Fruit over 3,500 years ago. Theobroma cacao, is the scientific name of thecacao tree. High-purity of solidified it mixing the pure chocolate. Hypoglycemic effects of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) autolysates / Bahareh Sarmadi, Amin Ismail et al / Food Chemistry, Sept 2012; 134(2): pp 905-911 / DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.202 (29) (40) (7) Hypoglycemics: By increasing blood sugar, cocoa might decrease the effectiveness of some antidiabetic medications. Med. (2) In an acute and chronic animal study, the administration of cocoa extract reduced overall blood glucose in normal, obese, obese diabetic and diabetic rats. one of the bioactive nutrients in cocoa can promote blood vessel relaxation (12) Hydro-ethanol seed extract of Theobroma cacao exhibits antioxidant activities and potential anticancer property / Osaretin A T Ebuehi, Chinonye Anams et al / Journal of Food Biochemistry, 43(4): e12767 / Common Names: cocoa and chocolate (English), cacao (Spanish), cacaoyer and cacaotier (French), kakao (German), cacau (Portuguese). The inhibition of tryptophan breakdown by cacao constituents could be relevant not only for immune system restoration, but also in its contribution to mood elevation and improvement in quality of life. These should not be confused with the similar sounding, but very different plant, the maca root. Fruit has a spindle-shaped Groove vertically, and culminated in the spring. Lonchocarpus roseus (Miller) DC. In contrast, baseline weight did affect these outcomes. Inhibitory of SARS-CoV-2 Protease: Cocoa beans contain antioxidant molecules with potential to inhibit type 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19). Antiproliferative / Antioxidant / Roots and Leaves: Study evaluated the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Theobroma cacao methanolic extracts of leaf, bark, husk, fermented and unfermented shell, pith, root, and cherelle. Is madre de cacao antibacterial? Results showed the pod husk extract of Theobroma cacao of both variants (yellow and purple) showed good antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activity with IC50 of 41.3 and 44.5 g/mL for DPPH assay, and 41.6 and 27.7 g/mL for -glucosidase inhibitory assay, respectively. (43) (2) Clozapine: Caffeine in cocoa may decrease the rate of break down of clozapine. Scientific name: Theobroma cacao; Family: Malvaceae (kapok, mallow, cola, hibiscus) Understorey evergreen tree up to 8m tall. Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect of Polyphenols / Seed: Study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic potentials of polyphenols extracted from fermented and unfermented Theobroma cacao seeds in Wistar rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Cocoa beans are cultivated in smaller extents in some states only when compared to other countries. Its seeds are called cocoa and are used to produce cocoa butter, chocolate drinks, and chocolate. it is used in the manufacture of confections, toilet Last updated on Mar 16, 2021. (62) Advise is to abstain from cocoa or other caffeine containing products at least 24 hours before a cardiac stress test. Agboola* / Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology and Innovation longer consume large quantities of such foods, the risk of cardiac and The use of cocoa to treat or prevent magnesium deficiency in humans has not been explored. After multivariate analysis, a borderline inverse relationship between chocolate intake and cardiovascular disease mortality was observed. 5-7%; ash, 3-5%; starch, 5% and a glucoside, cacarine. Free radical damage has been implicated as a cause of cognitive decline and memory loss in aging. (32) Scientific names: Common names: Azedarach edule Noronha : Santol (Tag.) Its red, spiny fruit can either be smooth or found covered in dense bristles. A better characterization of the bioactivity of the phenolic pigments is suggested for its potential use in food technology as functional colorant ingredient or antioxidant complex extract. The wood is white, light, and very soft. - Study of phytochemical constituents of coca fruit outer shell yielded fats and oils +, steroids ++ , alkaloids +. Epicatechin concentrations among freshly harvested beans range from 21.89 to 43.27 mg/g of dry defatted samples. Native to Colombia and its neighbors, cacao (scientific name Theobroma cacao) has long played a role in the country's history and culture. It was also used in burials, most likely to give comfort to the dead as they passed onto the next world. Scientific Name: Theobroma cacao Family: Malvaceae Common names: Cocoa, cocoa tree, Chocolate Cocoa beans have shown amazing health benefits, therefore, aging, since in its composition containing magnesium, chromium, iron, vitamin C, omega 6 and fiber, besides being very rich in flavonoids, which are chemical compounds found in plants that protect the body from oxidation that causes decay and . Cacao paste is mashed, and roasted cacao beans. (2) The feel good sensation with chocolate is attributed to the chemical phenylethylamine which might be partly responsible for the release and potentiation of brain dopamine. Asian cacao trees are affected by a fungus (Oncobasidium theobroma) that causes the tree to dry out, starting from the branch tipsa condition called vascular streak dieback. The catechol moieties in clovamide play a major role in radical scavenging mechanism. Toggle navigation. Kakaw's scientific name "Theobroma" means "food for the gods," derived from the Greek words theo (god) and broma (drink). (6) Lithium: Cocoa caffeine may increase the rate of lithium elimination. Cocoa is a food rich in polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids). Results reinforces the justification of the plant use for treating malaria in Ghana. Immune Activity: Study evaluated the effect of (-)-epicatechin and cocoa extract on the activation of a lymphoid cell line. Phenylethylamine (PEA) / Pros and Cons: (1) Phenylethylamine is a natural alkaloid, related to amphetamines, functioning as a central nervous system neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. What is the scientific name of madre de cacao? (3) Depending on the type of chocolate, a 100 /day of chocolate consumption provides between 0.36-0.83 mg/day of Beta-PEA. Both extracts showed high levels of polyphenols, flavonols respectively, an increase in reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), strong radical scavenging properties. Rainfall requirements depend upon the frequency and distribution of rain and the degree of water retention by the soil; the minimum necessary rainfall is about 100 cm (39 inches) evenly distributed throughout the year, but 150200 cm (5979 inches) is optimal. (59) Binomial name. (44), In a study of smokers, the ingestion of a flavanol-rich cocoa drink increased the circulating pool of nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In pre-Columbian times, its bean was a major currency with great trading value. value of chocolate explored by scientists / Mongabay Study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-sickling properties of cocoa extracts from two localities of Cameroon: EFCM and EFCB. Kakaw's scientific name "Theobroma" means "food for the The fruits are oval, over a centimetre long, and with prominent wings 7-10cm in length. Its main flavonoids are flavan-3-ols, epicatechin, and catechin. (53) Studies have shown potential inhibition on pro-inflammatory mediators on TNF--sensitized Caco-2 cells. It only grows to 4 to 8 meters in height. Botany C ACAO Scientific Name: Theobroma cacao Common Name: Cacao tree and Cocoa tree INTRODUCTION Cacao Gliricidia Sepium is known as Madre de Cacao or Kakawate. - Considered emmenagogue and ecbolic. (5) One study concluded that epicatechin content was likely to be the main factor in cocoa's association with beneficial health effects. (1) There was also IL-2 secretion inhibition and 3 to 4.5-fold increase in IL-4 release. In cultivating cacao, plants are first grown from seeds or cuttings and then transplanted. No association was found in the dose-response meta-analysis, the stratified analysis by gender, or the categorical analysis between the highest vs the lowest category of chocolate consumed. Results suggest that cocoa can be added to the list of natural chemopreventive agents with a potential for hepatopathy prevention and therapy. The Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Stem Bark Extract of Theobroma Cacao / Nwokonkwo D. C. & Okeke, G. N. / Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: E Interdiciplinary, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2014 pf Theobroma cacao (Sterculiaceae) extracts from East and South regions in Cameroon, Citing and Using a (DOI) Digital Object Identifier), Potential Herbal Medicines and Drug Interactions, Story Behind the Medicinal Plant Compilation, List of Understudied Philippine Medicinal Plants, List (52) However, because the flavanol content in chocolate is impacted not only by the variety and ripeness of cocao beans, but also the processing procedures of raw cocoa, its critical to compare dosages of flavanols rather than just the amounts of chocolate or concentration of cocoa administered. - Contains PEA (phenylethylamine) and anandamine. Properties Scientific name: Gliricidia sepium. The specific name cacao is the Hispanization of the name of the plant in indigenous Mesoamerican languages. - Oil of Theobroma or cacao butter is a yellowish white solid, with odor resembling that of cocoa, tasting bland and agreeable. Sometimes referred to as white cacao, the macambo's taste can be described as something between raw cacao and a cashew nut. The cacao bean has over 300 identifiable compounds including vitamins, minerals, amino acids and phytonutrients. Obtained preparations were in vitro investigated for PTP1B inhibition and cytoprotective activity against oxidative stress using human hepatoma HepG2 and mouse pancreatic -TC3 cell lines. Generic name: Cacao , scientific name:Theobroma cacao L. , origin: tropical America, growing distribution: world of tropical-subtropical region, also known as: cacaonoki, Chocolate tree, height: 6-8 m, leaf length: 20-30 cm, flower, white, flowering: local on the anniversary of the Japan greenhouse is anniversary of the natural flowering Okinawa in August-10 season from the fruiting period: March-June, fruit shape: portrait in Groove there is spindle-shaped, fruit length: 30 cm, Fruit diameter: 10 cm, fruit colors: green, Brown, yellow, Red. The CHE was found effect against yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Moniliophthora perniciosa. As you know the scientific name consists of two parts: the genus name, which comes first, and the particular species name, which comes second. It is important to fully inform your doctor about the herbal, vitamins, mineral or any other supplements you are taking before any kind of surgery or medical procedure. - High in antioxidants, approximately 40 times higher than blueberries. Study concludes suggesting large scale, long term, randomized, placebo-controlled studies. of polyphenol substances derived from Theobroma cacao on gastric mucosal Properties of Malaysian Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Polyphenols-Rich Extract / Ruzaidi, A., Abbe Maleyki et al / International Food Research cacao and. No other biomarkers were significantly affected by epicatechin. (61) - Cocoa contains approximately 380 known chemicals and 10 psychoactive constituents. The extracts showed good amount of antioxidant activity. Medicinal (56) What is Cocoa. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. / doi:10.1089/109662000416285. (52) In-vitro study showed significantly increased insulin secretion compared to control. What is scientific name of cocoa? Activated Carbon from Pod Husk / Arsenic Adsorption: Study showed cocoa pod husk material, a waste biomass, can be used to produce activated carbon by chemical activation and ZnCl2 showed to be the best chemical activation agent. However, even with the protection of their small isolated farms, cacao growers frequently experience losses ranging from 30 to 100 percent of their crops, usually to disease. (22) Waste cacao peels ethanol extract showed hair growth stimulant activity at concentrations above 15%. It is a pest that threatens the cocoa industry and leads to technical difficulties on producing cacao. Moctezuma, the 9th ruler of Tenochtitlan, is said to have indulged in a dose before entering the royal harem. Theobroma cacao L., the Food of the Gods: A scientific approach beyond myths and claims / N Rusconi, A Conti et al / Pharmacological Research,, Jan 2010; 61(1): pp 5-13 / DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.08.008 L.". (59) This plant has a great benefits in treatment on the skin and also it is use for antimicrobial. Gliricidia maculata (Kunth) Walp. info Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. / Antioxidant / Murine Lymphoma Model / Seeds: Study evaluated protein fractions of cacao seeds for antitumor activity on a lymphoma murine L5178Y model. (Cocoa) on Helicobacter pylori in an in vitro study, Theobroma cacao L. compounds: Theoretical study and molecular modeling as inhibitors of main SARS-CoV-2 protease. CACAO POD BORER Scientific name: Conopomorpha cramerella) The Conopomorpha cramerella is a species that is endemic to Southeast Asia and western Pacific archipelago (Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia). Results showed anti-hyperglycemic effect--the 150 mg/kbw of fermented polyphenol was more potent and efficient in reducing activities of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Medicinal plants used by traditional practitioners in two selected villages of Ramon Magsaysay, Zamboanga del Sur / Lady Jane G Morilla, Cesar G Demayo / Pharmacophore, 2019; 10(1): pp 84-92 / ISSN: 2229-5402 Cacao Pods are these American football shape-inspired fruits and . Unlike most other countries that grow cacao,. (46) (33) The antioxidant activity of cocoa has been attributed to the procyanidins and their monomeric precursors, epicatechin and catechin, which inhibit oxidation of LDL. Long-term effects of unmetabolized beta-PEA from daily ingestion are unknown. (23) Subfractions showed strongest antibacterial activity against S. cholerasuis and S. epidermis. (see constituents above) (55) Only a few compounds were found exclusively specific to one group, Trinitario. galactose. (8) Devin Windelspecht is a sophomore at Northeastern University in Boston MA where he majors in international relations. (3) PEA is also believed to increase the release of AcH (acetylcholine), possibly with mood and cognitive benefits. Antioxidant / Cocoa Oil and Cake: Study evaluated the antioxidant activity of cocoa oil and cake using DPPH, hydroxyl radical generated from H2O2, and peroxide oxidation by ferric thiocyanate method. Start studying BIOL 5543S Test 2: Scientific Names and Examples. Hii, C.L. Cacao (scientific name) "Food of the gods" Cacao (meaning of name) . Scientific name: Gliricidia sepium. Volatile Compounds in Seeds: Study evaluated the volatile composition of cocoa from 16 accessions from three different morphogenetic groups, namely, Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario. Chocolate is prepared in the same way, with the fat retained. "13, Documents have been discovered indicating that chocolate was used naturopathically and prescribed to patients by some physicians for a variety of diseases during the 18th and 19th century in America, including cholera, consumption (tuberculosis), scarlet fever, smallpox, typhus, and yellow fever.13, During the 20th century (especially after the 1930s), the consumption of chocolate shifted from medicinal to confectionery. Chromatographic analyses of residues from pottery vessels show that cacao beverages were being made before 1000 B.C., extending confirmed use of cacao in Mesoamerica back at least 500 years. Percentage parasitaemia suppression was significant for all doses. Common names: Kakawate, Madriado, Madre de cacao. In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Methanolic Plant Part Extracts of Theobroma cacao / Zainal Baharum, Abdah Md Akim, Rosmin Kasran et al / Molecules, 2014; 109(11) : pp 18317-18331 / The scientific name for the cocoa tree is theobroma cacao. Results suggest that chocolate is stable against oxidative deterioration due to the presence of these polyphenolic compounds. Antioxidant and Biologic Activities / Cocoa Hulls: A supercritical CO2 extraction method shows cocoa hulls by-product to be a matrix rich in fiber (pectin) and phenolics. (3) Antihypertensives: Dark chocolate may decrease blood pressure, although in large quantities, the caffeine in cocoa may have the opposite effect. - Emollient, diuretic, aphrodisiac, nutritive. cacao, rst dened by Carolus Linnaeus, the father of modern-day taxonomic plant . The wood is very hard, heavy, very tough . One of the first countries to advocate for organic cocoa production- Green and Blacks- itself originates from Belize, and in 1993 launched the worlds first fair trade chocolate bar, Mayan Gold. Africa yields about 70% of cocoa production. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a major cash crop of the tropical world. cacao Common Name(s): Cacao, Cocoa Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Scientific name: (latin) Theobroma cacao L. Synonyms: Chocolate, Cacao, Cocoa (powdered seeds of Th.cacao) Family Sterculiaceae Wiki User 2011-07-23 11:14:37 This answer is: Study. (20) We use the pulpy flesh of the fruit in our Digestive Enzyme tincture, because it contains the enzymes protease, invertase, raffinase . With the exception of certain products that are generally recognized as safe in normal quantities, including use of folic acid and prenatal vitamins during pregnancy, this product has not been sufficiently studied to determine whether it is safe to use during pregnancy or nursing or by persons younger than 2 years of age. - Possibly contains MAO inhibitors with effects on serotonin and menstrual flow) and ecbolic (promotes labor by stimulating uterine contractions. It is reduced by roasting but recovered in subsequent manufacturing steps. - Preparation: Cocoa is prepared by grinding the beans into a paste between hot rollers, then mixing it with sugar and starch, with part of the fat removed. The cocoa tree grows to heights exceeding 8 m. The fruits are borne on the trunk and branches, with the seeds imbedded in a sticky pulp. Leaf also used to treat asthma, weakness, diarrhea, fractures, loss of appetite, pneumonia, cough, colic, poisoning, and parasites. - Etymology of cocoa: The botanical name of cacao tree is Theobroma cacao, that means Food of the Gods. Trinitario is a hybrid of Criollo and Forastero, used fro about 10-15% of chocolate production. The polyphenol rich content is believed to have contributed to the outcome. The coco pod extract showed very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 of 17.21 ppm. In India, cocoa plantation is usually seen in the state of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. The fruits are large and football shaped, with quarter-sized seeds referred to as cocoa beans. When ripe, approximately 50 seeds and a red seed pulp are harvested from within. (70). Family: Sterculiaceae. Preferred Common Name gliricidia Other Scientific Names Galedupa pungam Blanco Gliricidia lambii Fernald Gliricidia maculata (Kunth) Walp. 142 terms. Further studies characterizing the polyphenol content of cocoa products and method of measurement are needed.1, 7 In one study, an inverse relationship was demonstrated between cocoa intake and blood pressure, as well as a 15-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality; the median cocoa intake among users was 2.11 g/day.3, Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in moderate amounts or in amounts used in foods. Is madre de cacao poisonous? Native to China, the kiwi fruit has been cultivated in Asia for hundreds of years, and it shares many characteristics with other species that also belong to the Actinidia genus, including its climbing growth, flower arrangement, and classification as a berry fruit.The botanical name of kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) was given to this fruit as recently as 1984 in order to help identify the unique . The cacao tree is unusual because it produces flowers directly on its trunk and branches, rather than on new shoots. Anti-Sickling / Antioxidant: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease associated with high mortality in Africa. (29) (63) (83), A meta-analysis looking specifically at chocolate consumption on heart failure risk identified 5 studies that met eligibility criteria; all were high quality. Antidiabetic / Antioxidant / Antibacterial / Pod Husk: Study evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity of three Indonesian plants. Antiproliferative / Leaf: Study evaluated the potential anticancer properties from non-edible parts of the cocoa plant, viz., leaf, bark, husk, fermented and unfermented shell, root, cherelle, and pith. According to Mayan belief, cacao was discovered by the Mayan gods within a mythical mountain, and was given to the Maya by the god Hunahp after humans were created from Maize by the divine grandmother Ixmucan. Polyphenols / Antioxidative Activity: Study showed the polyphenol content and its antioxidant capacity vary among a wide range of cocoa and chocolate products, with processing making a great impact on the level of polyphenols. - The feel good sensation with chocolate is attributed to the chemical phenylethylamine which might be partly responsible for the release and potentiation of brain dopamine. Short-Term Capacities of Ethanolic Theobroma Cacao Bean Extract to Ameliorate Oxidative Stress, Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats / Paul Chidoka Chikezie / J Invest Biochem. Effects Effects of polyphenol substances derived from Theobroma cacao on gastric Hosts - cacao Disease Name Scientific name of pathogen Subject - Flush (red foliage) of cacao foliage Slide credit - Thurston Additional information Chocolate, Beverage Slide Number - 8 Date - 1988 Site - Finca Esmeralda, Costa Rica Hosts - cacao Disease Name Scientific name of pathogen (3) - Cultivated for its seeds. ORGANIC CACAO. This product may be unsafe when used before surgery or other medical procedures. Roasting may cause significant degradation of -tocopherol and phytosterols compared to raw cocoa beans. Cacao Fruit is not what you'd expect. f. Santor (Most dialects) Sandoricum glaberrimum Hassk. 1997. Millettia luzonensis A. Theobroma cacao. Floral buds are removed from the trees until they are five years old. three plants viz. - Husk is traditionally used to treat the pains of pregnancy, fevers, and coughs. - Nutrient values of dark chocolate, 70-85% cacao solids, per 100 g yield: (Proximates) water 1.37 g, energy 598 kcal, protein 7.79 g, total lipid (fat) 42.63 g, carbohydrate by difference 45.90 g, total dietary fiber 10.9 g, total sugars 23.99 g; (Minerals) calcium 73 mg, iron 11.90 mg, magnesium 228 mg, phosphorus 308 mg, potassium 715 mg, sodium 20 mg, zinc 3.31 mg; (Vitamins) thiamin 0.034 mg, riboflavin 0.078 mg, niacin 1.054 mg, vitamin B6 0.038 mg, vitamin B12 0.28 mg, vitamin A 2 g, vitamin A 39 IU, vitamin E 0.59 mg, vitamin K 7.3 g; (Lipids) total saturated fatty acids 24.489 g, total monosaturated FA 12.781 g, total polyunsaturated FA 1.257 g, total trans FA 0.030 g, cholesterol 3 mg; (Others) caffeine 80 mg. (48) In a randomized, blind, crossover trial, a 100 g flavanol-rich dark chocolate bar that was consumed each morning for 3 days significantly protected endothelial function (P = 0.0007), prevented an increase in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, P < 0.0001; diastolic blood pressure, P = 0.019), and prevented an increase in endothelian-1 subsequent to the glucose load test when compared to ingestion of a 100 g white chocolate bar that contained only trace amounts of polyphenols (P = 0.0023). Function: (1) Study indicate flavanol-rich 124-125) 2 kg of Madre de cacao leaves r 12 pieces of chilies Grinder Pail Strainer: Grind Madre de cacao leaves and chilies. (47) Percentage of oxidant scavenging capacity was significantly greater in cocoa than green tea. Effect of Cocoa Powder on Biologic and Hematological Parameters: Study evaluated the effect of consumption of cocoa powder on biochemical and hematological parameters in rat. Summary. Its scientific name (Theobroma cacao) even translates to "food of the gods" in Greek, per Encyclopedia Britannica. When compared with that of the lowest tertile, the adjusted relative risk for men in the highest tertile was 0.5 for cardiovascular mortality and 0.53 for all-cause mortality. Clovamide / Antioxidant / Seed: Study of a phenolic fraction of seeds yielded clovamide (trans-clovamide,92S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]amino]propanoic acid), a naturally occurring caffeoyl conjugate and potent antioxidant. Anti-Alopecia / Waste Cocoa Peels: Hair loss (alopecia) is the most common hair problem. The Aztecs regarded Xocoati Sorting Theobroma names / Porcher Michel H. et al. Scientific Name(s): Theobroma cacao L. subsp. Law, S. Suzannah, Misnawi and M. Cloke / As. (12) (4) / doi: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000134 This article treats the cultivation of the cacao plant. It has a straight, regular trunk 25-30m in length. of Theobroma cacao flavonoids on immune activation of a lymphoid cell Available for Android and iOS devices. There was dose-dependent reduction of IL-2Ra (CD25) expression on activated cells. A pod rot called black pod is caused by a fungus (Phytophthora) that spreads rapidly on the pods under conditions of excessive rain and humidity, insufficient sunshine, and temperatures below 21 C (70 F). - Fuel: The wood--light, soft, and of low durability--is of little value. Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: Cocoa is rich in bioactive compounds: polyphenols, theobromine and minerals. Subgroup analysis revealed that the reduction was significant only when compared to flavanol-free controls and not low-flavanol controls. (44) (13) Cacao grows in the forest understory to a height of 612 metres (2040 feet), usually remaining at the lower end of this range. The activated carbon can adsorb arsenic (As), up to removal levels of 80% in less than an hour. Anti-Ulcer: Family: Leguminosae. As a food, cacao was enjoyed by the royal elite as a drink, and was prepared hot, bitter, and frothy, often flavored with chili powder, vanilla, honey and allspice. Cocoa is nontoxic when ingested in typical confectionery amounts. (30) Cacao , scientific name:Theobroma , is an evergreen small rees and fruit of the of the Theobroma ,the Malvaceae department native to tropical America. Antimicrobial / Antioxidant / Cytotoxicity / Seed, Leaf and Pod: Study evaluated cocoa leaf, seeds, and pod extracts for antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Photo about Theobroma cacao L. is the scientific name that receives the cocoa tree or cocoa tree, an evergreen plant of the Malvaceae family. (53) Theobromine pharmacokinetics were similar in healthy men when measured after 14 days of abstention from all methylxanthines and then after 1 week ingestion of dark chocolate (theobromine 6 mg/kg/day). Other Species of Same Genera: Product Description: A thin outer layer which peels of readily and leaves a dark-brown color. Cacao and Cardiovascular Health: Review summarizes the available data on the cardiovascular effects of cocoa, highlighting its potential clinical implications associated with consumption. - The wall and pulp of the fruit contain arabinose and (11) Use of chocolate as an inhaler has been studied. It is known worldwide for its beans used in the manufacture of chocolate. Analysis revealed 34 bioactives in cocoa targeting 50 proteins regulating 21 pathways involved in cancer and oxidative stress in humans. It's Theobroma. (36) Studies or nearly white, about 1 centimeter in diameter. Cacao: Theobroma cacao (LINN.) (22) (63) larvae of filarial worm causing onchocerciasis migrating to the subcutaneous tissues). Review on Cocoa and Chocolates: Study reports on the composition, bioavailability, and comparative analysis of other food products, and their implications for cardiovascular disease and the immune system. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Scientific Name: Theobroma cacao subsp. White chocolate had no effect on flow-mediated dilation. (54). The MTT assay showed the leaf extract to have highest antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with MIC of 41.4 g/mL. 2009 Dec; 43(4): 164168 In rats, the magnesium contained in cocoa has been shown to prevent and correct chronic magnesium deficiency. The Antimalarial Potential of Three Ghanaian Medicinal Plants / Gustav Komlaga, Sandrine Cojean, Mehdi Beniddir A, Rita Dicksona, Pierre Champy, Merlin Lincoln Kwao Mensah, soulaf Suyyagh-Albouz, Jonathan Jato, and Philippe Loiseau M / DOI: 10.21767/2472-0151.10004 There are three main cultivar groups of cacao beans used to make cocoa and chocolate: (1) Criollo: The cocoa tree used by the Mayas, highly prized and rare, less bitter, more aromatic, source of only 5-10% of chocolate made. Anti-alopecia activity of waste cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) peels / Mustarichie Resmi, Aliya Nur Hasanah / Drug Invention Today, 2019; 11(9): pp 2194-2199 Clovamide / Antioxidant Activity: Study identified the caffeoylated amino acid clovamide [( - )-N-[3'-4' -dihydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl]-dihydroxyphenylalanine] in the antioxidant polyphenolic fraction of cocoa and investigated the effect of roasting on its content in different samples of cocoa beans. of Philippine Medicinal Plants with Chinese Names. Leaves up to 20cm long, oblong-obovate with drip tip (acuminate). Properties of Malaysian Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Polyphenols-Rich Extract, Effects (6) When initial PEA level is low, enzyme inhibitors can raise it 1000-fold; 3 to 4-fold when initial concentration is high. Theobroma cacao: Review of the Extraction, Isolation, and Bioassay of Its Potential Anti-cancer Compounds / Zainal Baharum, Abdah Md Akim, Taufig Yap Yun Hin, Roslida Abdul Hamid, and Rosmin Kasran / Trop Life Sci Res., Feb 2016; 27(1): pp 21-42 Its seeds, called cocoa beans, are processed into cocoa powder, cocoa butter, and chocolate. Effect of Theobroma cacao flavonoids on immune activation of a lymphoid cell line / Emma Ramiro, Angels Franch, Cristina Castellote, Cristina Andre s-Lacueva, Maria Izquierdo-Pulido and Margarida Castell* / British Journal of Nutrition (2005), 93, 859866 / DOI: 10.1079/BJN20051443 Cocoa powder and cocoa butter are often mixed with chocolate liquor (ground cacao seeds), sugar, milk, and other flavors. (2) They can be white, rosy, pink, yellow, or bright red, depending on the variety, and are pollinated by tiny flies called midges in many areas. - Study evaluating the volatile composition of cocoa from 16 accessions from three different morphogenetic groups, namely, Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario profiled 53 compounds. Seeds are numerous and embedded in whitish pulp; when ripe they rattle in the capsule when shaken. Cocoa butter is also used as a suppository and ointment base, as an emollient, and as an ingredient in various topical cosmetic preparations. A 2012 Cochrane meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials (N = 856) investigated the effects of chocolate or cocoa products on blood pressure. Historically, cacao has been and still is a significant source of tropical deforestation. articles and cosmetics; in pharmacy, used for pill coating and suppository lesion induced by ethanol, Pentameric (21) A low to moderate dose was defined as a median intake of less than 7, 50 g servings/week mostly in the form of chocolate bars. (66) Barbara McClintock: Discoverer of "Jumping Genes". Ingredients in chocolate may precipitate migraine headaches, and cocoa products may be allergenic. Cacao can also be grown in pristine rainforests at low densities as a form of agroforestry, providing an economic use for protected land. Analysis of amino acid composition showed cocoa autolysates were abundant in hydrophobic amino acids. neurotransmitters. No specific dosing recommendations can be made. (42) Results reveal that one serving of cocoa has higher amount of polyphenols than that of green tea. In vitro studies of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities of Theobroma cacao, Anonna muricata, and Clitorea ternatea / Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih, Takeshi Katayama et al / Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2021; Vol 33: 101995 / DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101995 The methanol extract showed varying degrees of inhibition, with ZOI between 12 mm to 17 mm on 31 of 41 clinical isolates with MICs of 80 to 90 mg/mL. What Happens to Your Body When You Scuba Dive? Trinitario is a hybrid of the forastero and criollo varieties and produces a flavourful bean that is used in high-quality dark chocolate. Hypoglycaemic (28) Colon Cancer Benefits: Study evaluated cocoa's effect in colon cancer, both in-vivo and in-vitro. Today, cacao cultivation is spread across the world, yet still Belize- once part of the heart of Mayan civilization- continues to be one of the foremost sources of cacao, with Southern Belize having served as the worlds first source commercial cacao production. Madre de Cacao. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for food. radical scavenging and modulation of leukocyte function. It is most known for the seeds of its fruit, which is used to manufacture cacao, chocolate, cacao butter, etc. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. - Studies have yielded various polyphenolic compounds, viz., simple phenols, benzoquinones, phenolic acids, acetophenones, phenylacetic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, phenylpropenes, coumarines, chromones, naphthoquinones, xanthones, stilbenes, anthraquinones, flavonoids, lignans, and lignins. Food Chem., 2005, 53 (22), pp 85068511 / DOI: 10.1021/jf0511042 Uses (2) Anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs: Cocoa flavanols might have antiplatelet effects, and may be additive with aspirin. Isorhoifolin and rutin stood out with more negative binding than the reference inhibitor. Flavonoids / Decreased BP and LDL: Studies have suggested the antioxidants and flavonoids in dark chocolate with benefits of lowering effects on blood pressure and LDL cholesterol levels. Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested . Caffeine content should be restricted during pregnancy.8, 9. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. In summary, the extract down-modulated T lymphocyte activation and the acquired immune response, which suggests a potential use in immune system hyperactivity such as autoimmune of chronic inflammatory disease. Its uses were not just relegated to a dessert, however- the Mayans also used the beans as a form of currency, and even prescribed cacao as a medical remedy for ailments ranging from an upset stomach to kidney and bowel problems. Cocoa autolysates produced at pH 3/5 showed most active a-amylase inhibitors. (20) Dark chocolate with its high cocoa content (>35%) is considered to have the richest polyphenols content in the group of cocoa derivatives. (13) pf Theobroma cacao (Sterculiaceae) extracts from East and South regions in Cameroon / Natacha L Yembeau,, Proisper C N Biapa et al/ Investigational Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, 2018; 1(1), DOI: It is not uncommon for links on studies/sources to change. (39), Data suggest that flavonoid-rich food contributes to cancer prevention. (see study below) (32) Other tree crops such as banana, palm, or rubber are often planted with the cacao to provide shade and wind protection for the young trees. Theobroma cacao / Useful Tropical Plants 6, 1466-1473, June 2003 Shell contains about 1 percent theobromine. Even after the Mayan civilizations collapse, its fascination with cacao has continued to influence our culture today. Fifty-three compounds were profiled. 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