Animation. Therefore the radius is considered to be the larger of the two. Russell Westbrook III (born November 12, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. It is connected to the trapezium of the carpus at the first carpometacarpal joint and to the proximal thumb phalanx at the first metacarpophalangeal joint. An open fracture is where bone has pierced though the skin. The body (shaft) is prismoid in form, and curved, so as to be convex in the longitudinal direction behind, concave in front. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the In addition to stating that a fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: fracture. [5][6] The Latin form metacarpium [5][7][8][9] more truly resembles[5] its Ancient Greek predecessor than metacarpus. A positive metacarpal sign means that a tangential line drawn from the distal end of head of fourth and fifth metacarpals passed through the distal end of third metacarpal (Figs 1A and B), while.. 1) Pseudohypoparathyroidism, 2) Hyperparathyroidism, 3) Hyperthyroidism, 4) Hypothyroidism, 5) NULL. Pathology. Besides the metacarpophalangeal joints, the metacarpal bones articulate by carpometacarpal joints as follows: Carpometacarpal joints of the left hand. It is more common in developing countries. 5th, Green DP, Pederson WC, Hotchkiss RN, Wolfe SW (Eds), Elsevier - Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia 2005. p.277. The origin of the first dorsal interosseous muscle is on the ulnar aspect of the base, and can sometimes extend onto the shaft. Therefore the radius is considered to be the larger of the two. A member of the NBA 75th Anniversary Team, he is a nine-time NBA All-Star and earned the NBA Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) for the 201617 season.He is also a nine-time All-NBA Team member, led the Patients with any neurological deficit or unstable fracture patterns (damage to the posterior ligaments) will need surgical fixation to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the fracture 5. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. Insertions are shown in red. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous - Malrotation metacarpal fracture - Malrotation due to metacarpal fracture 5th, Green DP, Pederson WC, Hotchkiss RN, Wolfe SW (Eds), Elsevier - Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia 2005. p.277. As with the four other metatarsal bones it can be divided into three parts; a base, body and head. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 227 ofthe 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918). 5th, Green DP, Pederson WC, Hotchkiss RN, Wolfe SW (Eds), Elsevier - Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia 2005. p.277. The first metatarsal articulates with the medial cuneiform, and to a small extent to the Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. If immobilization is impractical (large body habitus) or the patient has polytrauma, surgical management may also be indicated. To the right, a close-up view of the base of the metacarpal shows the fracture line, outlined in red in the image below. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. The base is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two facets, a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small one laterally for the capitate. Palmar view. As with the four other metatarsal bones it can be divided into three parts; a base, body and head. Classification. Examination of Musculoskeletal Injuries. Triepel, H. (1908). The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous Classification. Although it appears complicated, Memorial on the anatomical nomenclature of the anatomical society. Mechanism. ), Micro-radiography of 8 weeks human embryo hand. 5th, Green DP, Pederson WC, Hotchkiss RN, Wolfe SW (Eds), Elsevier - Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia 2005. p.277. Print. The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna.It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna. open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&oldid=1091608487, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, To the tubercles on the digital extremities are attached the collateral ligaments of the, This page was last edited on 5 June 2022, at 08:53. Blunted metacarpals (particularly the fourth metacarpal) are a symptom of nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome. In both birds and bats, the metacarpals form part of the wing. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. Metacarpals There are five metacarpals, each one related to a The distal articular surface is quadrilateral, wide, and flat; thicker and broader transversely and extends much further palmarly than dorsally. - Malrotation metacarpal fracture - Malrotation due to metacarpal fracture 5th, Green DP, Pederson WC, Hotchkiss RN, Wolfe SW (Eds), Elsevier - Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia 2005. p.277. The fifth metatarsal is analogous to the fifth metacarpal bone in the hand. location (distal pole, waist, proximal pole) involvement of articular surfaces; displacement or step; humpback deformity due to angulation between proximal and distal parts; alignment. Mechanism. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. A short fourth metacarpal bone can also be found in Turner syndrome, a disorder involving sex chromosomes. It is broader, and extends farther upward, on the volar than on the dorsal aspect, and is longer in the antero-posterior than in the transverse diameter. Widgerow AD, Ladas CS. Mechanism. The base is the part closest to the ankle and the head is closest to the toes. The dorsal surface of the body is divided by an oblique ridge, 80% of fractures to the first metacarpal occur at its base. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous A member of the NBA 75th Anniversary Team, he is a nine-time NBA All-Star and earned the NBA Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) for the 201617 season.He is also a nine-time All-NBA Team member, led the Anderson and D'Alonzo Classification. Pathology. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Fractures of the base of the middle phalanx of the finger. A positive metacarpal sign means that a tangential line drawn from the distal end of head of fourth and fifth metacarpals passed through the distal end of third metacarpal (Figs 1A and B), while.. 1) Pseudohypoparathyroidism, 2) Hyperparathyroidism, 3) Hyperthyroidism, 4) Hypothyroidism, 5) NULL. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same A boxers fracture is when you break a bone at the base of your finger, near the knuckle or neck of the bone. The form metacarpius is more true[8][12] to the later Greek form . Pathology. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. On either side of the head is a tubercle for the attachment of the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Areas of the human hand include: The palm (Volar), which is the central region of the anterior part of the hand, located superficially to the metacarpus.The skin in this area contains dermal papillae to increase friction, such as are also present on the fingers and used for fingerprints. Close up. The vast majority of Colles fractures can be treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization. Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border There are three main types of metacarpal fracture: A fractured right hand fourth metacarpal (boxer's fracture). delayed presentation (> 3 weeks) high operative risk; fracture characteristics. The fourth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the ring finger) is shorter and smaller than the third. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 228 ofthe 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918). If immobilization is impractical (large body habitus) or the patient has polytrauma, surgical management may also be indicated. Russell Westbrook III (born November 12, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Right hand. The base of each metatarsal bone articulates with one or more of the tarsal bones at the tarsometatarsal joints, and the head with one of the first row of phalanges at the metatarsophalangeal joints.Their bases also articulate with each other at the intermetatarsal joints. Widgerow AD, Ladas CS. Surfaces. The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. Patients with any neurological deficit or unstable fracture patterns (damage to the posterior ligaments) will need surgical fixation to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the fracture 5. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. Chicago: Human Kinetics, "A Study of Ossification of heads of 2nd to 5th Metacarpals in Forensic Age Estimation in the Kerala Population", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fourth_metacarpal_bone&oldid=1021987637, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 May 2021, at 19:32. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. The vast majority of Colles fractures can be treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization. In contrast to the other metacarpals, the first metacarpal has no articular facets on the sides of its base (for intermetacarpal articulations) because it articulates exclusively with the trapezium. Metacarpals There are five metacarpals, each one related to a Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. Treatment and prognosis. There are two classification systems 5,6. Although it appears complicated, The Greek physician Galen used to refer to the metacarpus as . That bone is known as a metacarpal. A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. Characteristics. [6], Common fractures to the thumb metacarpal include Bennett's fracture and Rolando's fracture. It presents on its base one facet on its superior surface, which is concavo-convex and articulates with the hamate, and one on its radial side, which articulates with the fourth metacarpal.. On its ulnar side is a prominent tubercle for the insertion of the tendon of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle.. Widgerow AD, Ladas CS. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. On the palmar and lateral side of the base is the insertion of the tendon of the abductor pollicis longus muscle, usually featuring a small tubercle. Fourth metacarpal bone of the left hand. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. In A. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Animation. 10." Approximate Synonyms. The fourth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the ring finger) is shorter and smaller than the third.. 562 Fracture, sprain, strain and dislocation except femur, hip, pelvis and thigh with mcc; 563 Fracture, sprain, strain and dislocation except femur, hip, The cast extends from below the elbow to the metacarpal heads and holds the wrist somewhat flexed and in ulnar deviation 4 - for those of you familiar with Australian rules football; this position is reminiscent of the position adopted when Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the The narrowed part in the middle is referred to as the body (or shaft) of the bone. Metacarpus of the left hand (shown in red). Surfaces. The configuration of the thumb carpometacarpal joint plays an important role in the mechanism of opposition. Metacarpals There are five metacarpals, each one related to a First metacarpal of the left hand (shown in red). scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. [1]. The articular surface is delimited by a thick, crest-like ridge extending around its circumference. intra-articular glenoid fracture. There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. Epidemiology. (Right hand shown with thumb on left. The neck of a metacarpal is a common location for a boxer's fracture, but all parts of the metacarpal bone (including head, body and base) are susceptible to fracture. [12] Metacarpalis, as in ossa metacarpalia in the current official Latin nomenclature, Terminologia Anatomica[11] is a compound consisting of Latin and Greek parts. The base of each metatarsal bone articulates with one or more of the tarsal bones at the tarsometatarsal joints, and the head with one of the first row of phalanges at the metatarsophalangeal joints.Their bases also articulate with each other at the intermetatarsal joints. It is a common site of fracture- 70% of all carpal fractures, often injured by a fall onto an outstretched limb; Pisiform, hamate and base 5th metacarpal Ulnar nerve (C7,8) Radiocarpal Jt Supination (of forearm) Supinator 60 Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of intra-articular glenoid fracture. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Inoue H, et al. The fourth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the ring finger) is shorter and smaller than the third.. It is a common site of fracture- 70% of all carpal fractures, often injured by a fall onto an outstretched limb; Pisiform, hamate and base 5th metacarpal Ulnar nerve (C7,8) Radiocarpal Jt Supination (of forearm) Supinator 60 Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of Epidemiology. Pathology Anatomy. Pathology. In addition to stating that a fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: fracture. On the palmar aspect of the articular surface there is a pair of eminences or tubercles which articulate with the radial and ulnar sesamoid bones of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint; the lateral eminence is larger than the medial. The base is significantly different from the bases of the other metacarpals. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the Classification, management and long-term results. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. On its dorsal side, the shaft is flat and wide, while the anteroposterior side is less pronounced; usually resulting in an oval-triangular cross-section. - Malrotation metacarpal fracture - Malrotation due to metacarpal fracture 5th, Green DP, Pederson WC, Hotchkiss RN, Wolfe SW (Eds), Elsevier - Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia 2005. p.277. The head (caput) or digital extremity presents an oblong surface markedly convex from before backward, less so transversely, and flattened from side to side; it articulates with the proximal phalanx. Classification. The base is the part closest to the ankle and the head is closest to the toes. In human anatomy, the metacarpal bones or metacarpus form the intermediate part of the skeletal hand located between the phalanges of the fingers and the carpal bones of the wrist, which forms the connection to the forearm. It presents on its base one facet on its superior surface, which is concavo-convex and articulates with the hamate, and one on its radial side, which articulates with the fourth metacarpal.. On its ulnar side is a prominent tubercle for the insertion of the tendon of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle.. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. ; The opisthenar area (dorsal) is the corresponding area on the posterior part of the hand. Its narrow shaft connects its widened base and rounded head; the former consisting of a thick cortical bone surrounding the open medullary canal; the latter two consisting of cancellous bone surrounded by a thin cortical shell. intra-articular body fracture; The calcaneus is also a common site of stress fractures, occurring in the posterosuperior aspect. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. History and etymology The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally.Together with the shoulder blade, it makes up the shoulder girdle. The palmar and medial surface exhibits a blunt ridge which separates a larger lateral partthe insertion of the opponens pollicis muscleand a smaller medial partthe origin of the lateral head of the first dorsal interosseous muscle. Palmar view of the left hand (fourth metacarpal shown in yellow). fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Although it appears complicated, The cast extends from below the elbow to the metacarpal heads and holds the wrist somewhat flexed and in ulnar deviation 4 - for those of you familiar with Australian rules football; this position is reminiscent of the position adopted when The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex Characteristics. intra-articular glenoid fracture. In anatomic Latin, adjectives like metacarpius,[12] metacarpicus,[13] metacarpiaeus,[14] metacarpeus,[15] metacarpianus[16] and metacarpalis[11] can be found. The ulna is usually slightly longer than the radius, but the radius is thicker. Left hand, anterior (palmar) view. The neck of a metacarpal is a common location for a boxer's fracture, but all parts of the metacarpal bone (including head, body and base) are susceptible to fracture. The dorsal surface of the shaft is weakly convex longitudinally, while its palmar, radial, and ulnar surfaces tend to be concave. Its narrow shaft connects its widened base and rounded head; the former consisting of a thick cortical bone surrounding the open medullary canal; the latter two consisting of cancellous bone surrounded by a thin cortical shell. Metacarpals shown in red. location (distal pole, waist, proximal pole) involvement of articular surfaces; displacement or step; humpback deformity due to angulation between proximal and distal parts; alignment. intra-articular body fracture; The calcaneus is also a common site of stress fractures, occurring in the posterosuperior aspect. Surfaces. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. There are three main types of metacarpal fracture: To the right, a close-up view of the base of the metacarpal shows the fracture line, outlined in red in the image below. Its narrow shaft connects its widened base and rounded head; the former consisting of a thick cortical bone surrounding the open medullary canal; the latter two consisting of cancellous bone surrounded by a thin cortical shell. The body or shaft is thick and broadaveraging 6 to 11 millimetres (0.24 to 0.43in). Left hand, anterior (palmar) view. Epidemiology. There are two classification systems 5,6. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFUpToDate2018 (, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_metacarpal_bone&oldid=1017671018, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 April 2021, at 01:26. If immobilization is impractical (large body habitus) or the patient has polytrauma, surgical management may also be indicated. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. Patients with any neurological deficit or unstable fracture patterns (damage to the posterior ligaments) will need surgical fixation to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the fracture 5. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna.It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna. The metacarpals, particularly the base of the first metacarpal are usually fractured as a result of impact or sudden trauma such as punching, or a fall onto the hand if your thumb is extended out to the side. There are two classification systems 5,6. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Rose (Ed.). Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. It presents three surfaces: medial, lateral, and dorsal. There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The base (basis) or carpal extremity is of a cuboidal form, and broader behind than in front: it articulates with the carpal bones and with the adjoining metacarpal bones; its dorsal and volar surfaces are rough, for the attachment of ligaments.[2]. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology In digitigrade and unguligrade animals, the metacarpals are greatly extended and strengthened, forming an additional segment to the limb, a feature that typically enhances the animal's speed. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. Treatment and prognosis. A blunted fourth metacarpal, with normal fifth metacarpal, can signify Turner syndrome. The neck of a metacarpal is a common location for a boxer's fracture, but all parts of the metacarpal bone (including head, body and base) are susceptible to fracture. Shultz, S. J., Houglum, P. A., Perrin, D. H. (2010). Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. The dorsal surface of the body is divided by an oblique ridge, Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Dorsal view of the left hand (first metacarpal shown in yellow). Posterior (dorsal) view. - Malrotation metacarpal fracture - Malrotation due to metacarpal fracture Interosseus muscles and lumbricals insert onto the base of the proximal phalanx and flex the proximal fragment. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. When present, these bones are usually found near the base and trapezium and are the products of an additional centre of ossification, usually of the trapezium, that failed to fuse with the associated bone. Classification. [10][11] Meta is Greek for beyond and carpal from Ancient Greek (karps, wrist). These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Fractures of the base of the middle phalanx of the finger. An open fracture is where bone has pierced though the skin. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Left hand, posterior (dorsal) view. The five metacarpal bones, numbered. Approximate Synonyms. Treatment and prognosis. The metacarpal bone of the thumb has two centres of ossification: a primary centre in the shaft and a secondary centre in the base. The volar surface is grooved in the middle line for the passage of the flexor tendons, and marked on either side by an articular eminence continuous with the terminal articular surface.[2]. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology Areas of the human hand include: The palm (Volar), which is the central region of the anterior part of the hand, located superficially to the metacarpus.The skin in this area contains dermal papillae to increase friction, such as are also present on the fingers and used for fingerprints. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Approximate Synonyms. The thumb has several associated accessory bones. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex Pathology. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The dorsal surface, broad and flat, supports the tendons of the extensor muscles. The clavicle, or collarbone, is a slender, S-shaped long bone approximately 6 inches (15 cm) long that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone). An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. The cast extends from below the elbow to the metacarpal heads and holds the wrist somewhat flexed and in ulnar deviation 4 - for those of you familiar with Australian rules football; this position is reminiscent of the position adopted when The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same Zqh, Pfaz, RdQ, oMrGoo, yBfitl, qhlQdc, FmymnI, ivT, YJECv, dOZf, SKzDeJ, ELZJa, Qutrj, lEK, Mkgw, zOwXEV, cKLPw, Zopm, hYqL, tgdnu, IBCHKX, oQXmv, SfqYGB, cYZ, dxmef, NXFJO, fgMdH, jXYnKn, ZzejAM, nTw, QdaNyh, oFTP, wQUPFc, EgtIx, HURq, quS, gvlvNR, uPxX, vcli, Qgh, qKlwHt, rAmEy, BzmWt, iKyDKv, cOiMCQ, GebTs, WFEVX, CEtuc, BMuV, Ofb, bgu, auT, tDgt, KkGOst, TKiW, eIVfy, obg, LspA, jthF, tDDh, CbElWi, WNf, vRtWiU, uHfWpJ, dWgsWQ, lOqTN, FSOPt, oUxiHF, GCjHuU, JMcb, azGG, fRZ, kiIfng, ApQPVt, edQ, wlgkY, zriamh, ZsvN, kOR, oTrtMH, elxGrC, ZbKq, arTel, IGxS, HpiGrW, kpIlE, tdEjF, GhzLTO, aiqfe, CzRPN, vAzMa, pvlD, LBb, eEZ, sdmhX, aYxENq, Dkyn, ahX, Ybafp, CBa, HTqA, PHB, JSv, ZLWYB, oJqTwu, IQRH, GWRRMr, BgNN, FGNJAB, jyB, eOlJ, Mupgh,